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Showing posts from August, 2023

unit2

  Logical Operations and Statements: Basic Logic Operations: We use words like "and," "or," and "not" to combine ideas. Think of "and" as needing both things to be true, "or" as needing at least one thing to be true, and "not" as flipping the idea. Mixing Ideas: We can put together different ideas to make more complicated ones. For example, if you have statements like "It's sunny" (p) and "It's warm" (q), you can create new ideas like "It's sunny and warm" or "It's sunny or warm." How to Figure Out the Truth: Imagine we have a puzzle where each piece can be true (T) or false (F). We can create a table to see what happens when we put these pieces together. This helps us understand whether a new idea we made is true or false. Always True or Always False: Sometimes, we create ideas that are always true, no matter what. We call these "always true ideas" tautologies....

Bca sem 1 maths unit1

## Sets and Their Properties: ### Introduction to Sets: A set is a collection of objects, like numbers or things, which are grouped together. We can represent a set using curly braces, like {1, 2, 3}, where the numbers inside the braces are the elements of the set. ### Empty Set and Universal Set: An empty set is a set with no elements, represented as ∅ or {}. A universal set contains all the possible elements of a certain context. For example, in a class of students, the universal set could be all the students in the class. ### Finite and Infinite Sets: A set with a countable number of elements is called a finite set. For example, {1, 2, 3} is a finite set. If a set goes on forever without repeating, it's called an infinite set. The set of all natural numbers {1, 2, 3, ...} is an infinite set. ### Equal Sets: Two sets are equal if they have exactly the same elements, even if the order is different. For instance, {a, b, c} is equal to {c, b, a}. ### Subsets and Supersets: If every ...